The appearance form of calligraphy beauty

藝術作品的形式就是內容的存在方式。書法美的外觀形式的構成因素與表現形態，就是運筆點畫線條與結構章法的有規律的組合。

The form of works of art is the existence of content. The constituent factors and expression forms of the appearance form of the beauty of calligraphy are the regular combination of brush stroke, dotted line and structure.

1、運筆點畫的形態

1. The form of brush point painting

書法以用筆為上。書法是靠運筆點畫所產生的線條來組合結構、章法，書法家正是通過運筆點畫來賦予線條各種美的形態：方圓粗細、曲直動靜等。

Calligraphy is based on pen. Calligraphy combines the structure and composition by using the lines produced by the pen movement and stippling. It is through the pen movement and stippling that calligraphers endow the lines with various beautiful forms: the thickness of the square, the straightness, the movement and stillness, etc.

由于書法運筆的方法不同，可以使點畫線條呈現出方筆、圓筆之分。方筆以“折”為使轉，在書寫每個字的點畫線條時行筆斷而復起，其收鋒為“外拓”法。圓筆以“轉”為使轉，行筆換而不斷，其收鋒為“內擫”法。方筆用法如魏碑中的《張猛龍》，圓筆用法則如魏碑中的《鄭文公》。而方圓并用的運筆方法，就會產生剛勁中寓靈秀，婉約中含峻奇的形式美感。

Due to the different methods of calligraphy, the dotted lines can be divided into square pens and round pens. The square pen takes "folding" as the turning point. When writing the dotted line of each word, the pen breaks and resumes, and its ending is the "outward extension" method. The round pen uses "turning" to turn, and the line pen changes continuously, and its closing edge is "internal" method. The usage of square pen is like Zhang Menglong in Wei stele, and the usage of round pen is like Zheng Wengong in Wei stele. The method of using both square and round pens will produce a formal aesthetic feeling of combining strength with dexterity and elegance.

線條曲直動靜的形態美是更強烈而多變的。曲與直、動與靜在書法作品中互為關照，互相映襯。從隨體結詘的篆書、波磔多姿的隸書、點畫多變的楷書、行云流水的行書、龍飛鳳舞的草書，其曲直動靜的發展越來越強烈，書法美的線條形式遵遁著這樣一個軌跡。草書線條的曲直動靜之美可謂是集書法形式美的大成，是非常精致的。劉熙載《藝概》中指出：“書家無篆圣、隸圣、而有草圣。蓋草之道千變萬化，執持尋逐，失之愈遠”?？袼兀☉阉兀╊崗垼◤埿瘢┑牟輹€條形態“矯若游龍，疾若驚蛇”，其曲直回旋、動靜奇逸，的確是千態萬姿，不可端倪的。

Straight and beautiful lines are more dynamic and changeable. Song and straightness, motion and stillness take care of each other and set off each other in calligraphy works. From the seal script formed with the body, the official script with various shapes, the regular script with changeable stippling, the running script with flowing clouds and flowing water, and the cursive script with flying dragons and Phoenix, the development of its straightness and movement is becoming stronger and stronger, and the line form of calligraphy beauty follows such a track. The beauty of cursive lines is a masterpiece of the beauty of calligraphy form, which is very exquisite. Liu Xizai pointed out in his "art outline": "a calligrapher has no seal script saint, Li saint, but a grass saint. The way of covering grass is ever-changing. The more he pursues it, the farther he loses it". The cursive lines of Kuang Su (Huai Su) and Zhang Xu (Zhang Xu) are "as graceful as a wandering dragon and as fast as a startling snake". Their twists and turns and strange movements and stills are indeed thousands of forms and shapes, which are inconceivable.

2、運筆點畫的節奏

2. Rhythm of pen movement and stippling

書法線條在紙上運動的形式不是平拖直劃一抹而就，而是富有節奏韻律變化的輕重徐疾、抑揚頓挫的運動，在筆情墨韻中激蕩著情感的旋律，形式美中滲進了強烈的音樂節奏性。唐代張懷瓘在《書議》中把書稱之為“無聲之音”。虞世南在《筆髓論》中也認為書法有似于音樂演奏，“鼓瑟綸音，妙響隨意而生。”

The movement form of calligraphy lines on paper is not a smooth drag and straight stroke, but a rhythmic and rhythmic movement of light and slow diseases, cadence, stirring the melody of emotion in the pen emotion and ink rhyme, and a strong musical rhythm is infiltrated into the beauty of form. In Shuyi, Zhang Huaixiang of the Tang Dynasty called the book "the sound of silence". Yu Shinan also believes that calligraphy is similar to music performance in "on the pith of the pen." the sound of drum, harp and Lun is produced at will. "

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