In the collection of calligraphy and painting, personal appreciation ability can distinguish the authenticity of calligraphy and painting for themselves. The so-called appreciation is not a metaphysics. Appreciation is to study and compare, find out the creative style of calligraphers and painters, the laws of different faces in different periods, and the truth of judging truth and falsehood, so as to know the law of counterfeiters. Today, after learning, Xiaobian will tell you how to appreciate calligraphy and painting

鑒賞書畫的方法：書畫知識

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: calligraphy and painting knowledge

真正的收藏者，必須要有自己的鑒賞能力，才能夠藏有所獲，買到贗品的風險就會降低。鑒定經驗主要來自于實踐積累，只有通過大量觀看和悉心研究書畫作品，才能以此來提高鑒定眼光和評判水準。對書畫鑒定人員來講，實踐經驗是位的，鑒定理論永遠是第二位的。當然這也與鑒定家個人的文化修養和知識水平以及對美學的悟性有很大關系。沒有親眼觀摩過大量書畫作品，不對書畫作品本身進行深入研究，不真正進入市場參與實戰，沒有交過學費的經歷，沒有 吃過贗品之害的苦頭，僅僅憑鑒定理論著作等書本知識作鑒定的人，肯定不是一個合格的鑒定家。

Real collectors must have their own appreciation ability to collect what they have gained, and the risk of buying fakes will be reduced. The appraisal experience mainly comes from the accumulation of practice. Only by watching a large number of calligraphy and painting works and studying them carefully can we improve the appraisal vision and evaluation level. For calligraphy and painting appraisers, practical experience is the first, and appraisal theory is always the second. Of course, this is also closely related to the appraiser's personal cultural cultivation, knowledge level and aesthetic understanding. A person who has not witnessed a large number of calligraphy and painting works, has not conducted in-depth research on the calligraphy and painting works themselves, has not really entered the market to participate in actual combat, has not paid tuition fees, has not suffered from the harm of counterfeits, and is definitely not a qualified appraiser only based on book knowledge such as appraisal theory works.

鑒賞書畫的方法：辨偽

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: distinguishing the false

知假識偽

Knowing false and recognizing false

為了少走彎路，吸收前人經驗，充分了解歷代主要作偽方法必不可少。書畫作偽的傳統方法概括起來，主要有摹、臨、仿、改、造、代六種。通俗簡略的講：摹就是用透明紙、絹蒙在原作上勾寫填畫;臨就是面對原作邊看邊寫邊 畫;仿是并無原本，只憑仿者學某家的功夫靠想象寫畫某家之作;造是不講時代特征，也不管個人風格，憑空偽造隨意署款;改是采用增、減、裁、刮、拆、配等手 法將無款或小名家作品改成風格相近的大家之作;代則是經書畫家本人同意，由其親朋、學生所作的大名家替代品，經常有人把此類作品視同真跡。

In order to avoid detours, absorb previous experience and fully understand the main counterfeiting methods of previous dynasties, it is essential. To sum up, the traditional methods of calligraphy and painting counterfeiting mainly include imitation, temporary, imitation, modification, creation and generation. In a simple and popular way: copying is to use transparent paper and silk to cover the original work; Pro is to look at the original while writing and painting; Imitation has no original. It only depends on the imitator's Kung Fu and imagination to write and draw the works of a certain family; Making is not talking about the characteristics of the times and regardless of personal style, forging money out of thin air and signing money at will; The change is to use the methods of adding, subtracting, cutting, scraping, dismantling and matching to change the works of non money or small famous artists into works of everyone with similar styles; Dai Ze is a substitute for great masters made by his relatives, friends and students with the consent of the calligrapher himself. Such works are often regarded as authentic.

知真識偽

Know the true and know the false

書畫中的真跡精品，筆墨線條一定自然流暢且富于變化，章法結構一定出奇合理且意境深遠，內容飽滿，題款鮮明，印章清晰。時代特征與個人風格是真實、可靠的，是書畫辨偽的重要依據。紙、絹等書畫重要載體中同樣儲存著大量時代氣息，也是斷代依據之一。

The authentic works in calligraphy and painting must be natural, smooth and changeable, the composition structure must be surprisingly reasonable and far-reaching, the content is full, the title is clear, and the seal is clear. The characteristics of the times and personal style are the most authentic and reliable, and are the most important basis for distinguishing fake calligraphy and painting. Paper, silk and other important carriers of calligraphy and painting also store a lot of flavor of the times, which is also one of the basis for dating.

書畫家由于出身、經歷、學識、修養不同，在書畫技藝方面師從和所下功夫不同;也由于執筆、運筆方法不 同，即使同一題材作品所表現出的情趣、意境都會有很大差異。對于墨彩，深淺、濃淡、干濕、枯潤也各有所好。書畫家的個人風格具有特定性和性，獨特的個 性是通過獨特的筆墨、章法表現出來的，別人無論如何臨仿，要完全一致很難，子女高徒概莫能外。

Calligraphers and painters have different teachers and efforts in calligraphy and painting skills due to their different backgrounds, experiences, knowledge and cultivation; Due to the different methods of writing and transporting, even the taste and artistic conception of works on the same subject will be very different. For ink color, depth, intensity, dry and wet, dry and moist also have their own advantages. The personal style of calligraphers and painters is specific and unique. Their unique personality is expressed through unique pen, ink and composition. No matter how others imitate, it is difficult to be completely consistent. It is no exception for their children.

鑒賞書畫的方法：懂得評估

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: know how to evaluate

書畫的一般來說書畫的由以下幾個因素決定：

Generally speaking, the price of calligraphy and painting is determined by the following factors:

1、書畫的藝術水平。例如藝術水平久負盛名的大書畫家，總要比小有成就的畫家的書畫高。

1. The artistic level of calligraphy and painting. For example, a great calligrapher with a long-standing reputation for his artistic level is always more expensive than a small accomplished painter.

2、書畫的性。高水平書畫藝術家的作品傳世越少越貴，所謂黃金有價藝無價就是這個道理。

2. The rarity of calligraphy and painting. The works of high-level calligraphy and painting artists are less and more expensive. This is the reason why gold is valuable and art is priceless.

3.、書畫所處的社會狀態。書畫處在經濟繁榮的社會狀態時就高，反之就便宜。收藏者綜合狀態好時就比不好時要價高得多。

3. The social state of calligraphy and painting. Calligraphy and painting are high when they are in a social state of economic prosperity, otherwise they are cheap. The price of collectors in good condition is much higher than that in bad condition.

4、書畫作品本身的藝術價值和歷史價值。

4. The artistic value and historical value of calligraphy and painting works themselves.

當前社會上有一種說法認為尺幅大的書畫就值錢，這個論點很荒謬。買書畫不是買白菜、蘿卜挑個大的就好，好的 書畫不一定就尺幅很大，像宋朝的扇面尺幅不大，但是藝術水平極高。有些佚名的古代書畫作品由于本身的藝術價值和歷史價值很高，也很值得收藏。

At present, there is a saying in society that large calligraphy and painting are valuable. This argument is absurd. Buying calligraphy and painting is not just buying cabbage and radish. A good calligraphy and painting does not necessarily have a large scale. Like the fan in the Song Dynasty, the scale is small, but the artistic level is very high. Some anonymous ancient calligraphy and painting works are also worth collecting because of their high artistic and historical value.

熟悉掌握書畫藝術的發展歷史。熟悉書畫的發展歷史，了解掌握不同時期不同作者、不同風格的代表性作品，就是為了在鑒賞書畫作品中，能夠把握其藝術的時代特征和個人風格特征，進而比較準確地對其創作年代、創作風格、藝術特色和藝術價值作出大致的合理判斷。

Be familiar with the development history of Chinese calligraphy and painting art. To be familiar with the development history of Chinese calligraphy and painting and fully understand and master the representative works of different authors and styles in different periods is to grasp the era characteristics and personal style characteristics of their art in appreciating calligraphy and painting works, and then make a general and reasonable judgment on their creation age, creation style, artistic characteristics and artistic value.

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